Dukungan Kelompok Pasca Penugasan untuk Petugas Penanggap Bencana: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis

Yuli Arinta Dewi, Habib Priyono, Syahferi Anwar

Abstract


Publikasi psikologi bencana meningkat tajam sejak Pandemi Covid-19 namun publikasi dukungan kelompok paska penugasan untuk penolong bencana belum dianalisis secara ilmiah. Dukungan kelompok untuk penolong bencana dilakukan sebagai dukungan psikososial dalam bencana. Tinjauan terhadap issu ini penting karena mereka bekerja dalam situasi bencana. Menjaga kesehatan mental mereka merupakan hal yang penting karena meningkatnya risiko gangguan mental. Artikel ini merupakan upaya untuk menangkap penelitian terkini yang bertema dukungan kelompok pada penolong bencana, khususnya pada pandemi Covid-19. Menggunakan analisis data kualitatif dengan PRISMA dan ATLAS ti Versi 8 pada PubMed dan google Scholar sejak tahun 2021 dalam Bahasa dan Bahasa Inggris, 81.620 artikel teridentifikasi dengan 406 artikel teks lengkap dan 27 di antaranya dianalisis. Tiga pertanyaan dijawab dalam penelitian ini: (a) Apa konsep dukungan kelompok sebagai bentuk dukungan psikososial dalam bencana; (b) Mengapa dukungan kelompok bagi responden mempengaruhi kesehatan mental pada bencana dan (c) Bagaimana mengimplementasikan dukungan kelompok untuk para penolong bencana. Temuan kami menyoroti topik utama yang terkait dukungan kelompok untuk responden bencana, yaitu: psikologi, kesehatan, kesiapsiagaan, pelatihan dan bencana. Kata “konsep dukungan kelompok” dikaitkan dengan “debriefing” sebagai pembelajaran, percakapan/ sharing antar peserta bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dan memahami hubungan antara peristiwa situasi bencana, tindakan, proses pemikiran, perasaan, dan hasil kinerja. Dukungan kelompok paska penugasan untuk penolong bencana sangat penting untuk mencegah dan mengurangi efek negatif dari stresor akibat bencana. Dukungan kelompok dilakukan melalui proses penilaian kebutuhan, implementasi, dan pelaporan.

Keywords


Dukungan Kelompok; Bencana; Psikososial.

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.51849/sl.v2i3.161

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